生物质棉纤维再生纤维素膜的制备与性能分析

以天然生物质棉纤维为原料,采用氯化锂/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(Li Cl/DMAC)溶解体系对其进行活化处理,配置不同质量分数的纤维素有机溶液系列,在不同凝固浴条件下,采用KW-4A匀胶机高速旋涂成膜和AFA-Ⅱ自动涂膜器低速平推成膜2种工艺,制备再生纤维素薄膜系列。通过运用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和表面接触角测试仪等分析设备对再生纤维素膜的大分子结构、力学性能、结晶度、热稳定性和表面浸润性进行各项性能的系列化表征,研究纤维素质量分数、凝固浴种类、制膜工艺对膜性能的影响。实验结果表明:采用KW-4A匀胶机高速成膜工艺、凝固浴为水浴、纤维素质量分数为3.5%时,制备的再生纤维素膜的各项性能最佳;与天然生物质棉纤维相比,再生纤维素膜结晶度变化很大,热稳定性与棉纤维变化趋势一致但有一定程度下降,表面浸润性良好。     

In vitro and in vivo investigation of bacterial cellulose dressing containing uniform silver sulfadiazine nanoparticles for burn wound healing

Silver sulfadiazine(SSD) particles in homogeneous dispersion state were prepared by an ultrasonic method and then nano- and microparticles were separated using centrifugation. SSD particles with narrow size distribution were impregnated with bacterial cellulose(BC) to produce BC–SSD composite membrane used as burn wound dressing. A scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to examine the surface morphology of BC–SSD membranes. The incorporation of SSD in BC–SSD was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD). Antimicrobial tests in vitro indicated that BC–SSD showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The effects of BC–SSD on burn wound healing were assessed by rat models. The comparative study confirmed that the wound treated with BC–SSD showed high healing rate. The bacteria count in BC–SSD group was far less than control group. Histological analysis showed that epithelialization progressed better in wound treated with BC–SSD. These values demonstrated that the BC–SSD composite membrane could be a promising wound dressing for burn.     

低pH值下DACMC的制备、结构及热性能

在低pH值条件下采用NaIO4氧化羧甲基纤维素(CMC),制备了二醛羧甲基纤维素(DACMC),通过FT-IR、13C NMR、XRD和AFM等研究了pH值对NaIO4氧化CMC程度的影响,以及pH值对DACMC结晶结构、形貌结构、热稳定性的影响.结果表明:pH值对NaIO4氧化CMC的程度有显著的影响,但缺乏规律性,当pH值为1.5时其氧化程度最高(醛基含量最大为54.35%);FT-IR和13C NMR结果证实了在CMC分子链上有羰基产生;DACMC的结晶度均大于CMC,且随反应体系pH值的增加而增大;由于失水葡萄糖环的断裂,DACMC的分子链更加柔软,相互缠结得更加紧凑、规整,表面Z向尺寸随着醛基含量的增大而降低;DACMC的热稳定性差于CMC,pH=1.5的条件下制备的DACMC的热稳定性最差.     

一种快速、经济、有效纯化人工合成寡核苷酸片段的方法

采用DEAE-52纤维紊小柱，纯化了7个人工合成的寡核苷酸引物．纯化效果栗用岛津(uy-265)分光光度计扫描，8mol／L尿素-12%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及自提的模板DNA经PCR检测．该法分传统的HPLC法及PAGE法相比，具有快速、经济、有效的优越性。     

热致性羟丙基纤维素液晶的超分子结构

本文对热致性羟丙基纤维素液晶的超分子结构,用多种实验方法进行了研究。结果表明,它们为胆甾型液晶,在一定的温区内形成有序微区结构。在切应力作用下,微区进而发生形变和取向,甚至破坏和重组而生成原纤和微纤结构。原纤和微纤的尺寸分别为几个μm 和几百 nm.微纤是由高度取向的棒状分子链所组成,在晶区它们与剪切方向成28°夹角。这一结构模型能很好地解释条状织态结构及激光小角光散射的 H_V 图像特征。     

用含碱废液作碱源制备稻草黄原酸酯来处理含锌废水

用金属铬生产中排出的氢氧化铬反应废液作碱源制备稻草黄原酸酯，用来处理含锌废水．考察了废水的ｐＨ值、酯剂用量及反应时间对锌脱除率的影响．废水经处理后，锌的残留浓度降至１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下．     

D1-1-113井CO2增能压裂施工分析

介绍了CO2酸性环境交联压裂液体系、工艺特点及压裂施工情况,并通过对压裂后产量的分析,总结了该工艺成功的经验和存在的不足。     

纤维素纳米晶对胶凝复合材料耐酸性能的影响

Acid mine drainage presents an important threat to cementitious structures. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the acid resistance of cementitious composites. CNCs were added to mortar mixtures as additives at cement volume ratios of 0.2vol%, 0.4vol%, 1.0vol%, and 1.5vol%. After 28 d of standard curing, the samples were immersed in a sulfuric acid with a pH value of 2 for 75 d. The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, the density, water absorption, void volume test, and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out to investigate the properties of CNC mixtures before sulfuric acid immersion. It was found that the addition of CNC reduced the volume of permeable voids and increased the hydration degree and mechanical strength of the samples. Changes in mass and length were monitored during immersion to evaluate the acid resistance of mixtures. The mixture with 0.4vol% CNC showed a reduced mass change and length change indicating its improved acid resistance.     

纤维素与木质素共热解行为研究及产物分析

利用热重分析仪和居里点裂解-气相质谱联用仪进行纤维素和木质素共热解实验,研究纤维素和木质素共热解过程中的相互作用及热解产物分布情况.结果表明:纤维素与木质素共热解过程中存在明显的相互作用,与热解温度和混合比例具有一定相关性.纤维素质量分数较低(30%)时,木质素和纤维素共热解时促进残渣的形成,而抑制了气相产物的形成,并提高了酚的相对产率;纤维素质量分数较高(70%)时,木质素和纤维素在共热解过程中相互促进,抑制了固体残渣的形成和非芳基化合物的形成.在低温区(200～320℃),木质素易活化产生小分子,与纤维素共热解时形成相互促进的作用加速了热失重过程;在高温区,纤维素与木质素共热解促进了残渣的形成,抑制了热解过程.     

黄原酸化改性凹凸棒土对Pb2+的去除性能

以NaOH和CS₂为黄原酸化剂,MgSO₄为稳定剂,黄原酸化改性凹凸棒原土(N-XAP)制得了黄原酸化凹凸棒土(X-ATP).X-ATP对Pb²⁺具有良好的吸附性能,采用单因素试验得到在其处理含Pb²⁺模拟废水时的最佳条件为温度20～25 ℃、起始质量浓度400 mg·L^-1、吸附剂质量浓度2.0 g·L^-1、pH值5.0～6.0、振荡吸附时间30 min.最高去除率可达99.82%,Pb²⁺残余质量浓度为0.720 0 mg·L^-1,低于国家1级排放标准.对X-ATP及其原料进行了SEM、XRD和粒度分析等结构表征,进一步佐证了其对Pb²⁺的良好吸附性能.